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VẬT LIỆU XÂY LÒ HƠI

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03
May

VẬT LIỆU XÂY LÒ HƠI BAO GỒM: 

I. Lò hơi ( nồi hơi):

Là loại lò nung đốt tạo khí hoặc hơi nước nóng để sấy nguyên, nhiên liệu, thiết bị được khô sạch trước khi đưa vào sử dụng.

Vật liệu xây lò hơi bao gồm: Tùy thuộc vào phương pháp, công nghệ đốt nhiên liệu mà trong buồng đốt có nhiệt độ khác nhau. Từ đó chúng ta có những lựa chọn phù hợp vật liệu chịu lửa.

– Các loại gạch dùng để xây lò hơi:

+ Gạch Cao nhôm

+ Gạch Samot A

+ Gạch Samot B

Trong đó có các loại kích thước Gạch chịu lửa thường dung:

  • Gạch xây tường: Gạch tiêu chuẩn (H1) 230*114*65
  • Gạch cuốn vòm, cuốn cửa: Gạch chân cuốn đứng ( H24), chân cuốn nằm (H28).
  • Gạch cuốn vòm côn đứng (H13,14), côn lằm (H20;21).
  • Các loại gạch dị hình.(là các loại gach có hình dạng, kích thước góc cạnh khác nhau, xây vào các vị trí đặc biệt không thể xây được bằng gạch tiêu chuẩn)
  • Gạch bảo ôn (gạch cách nhiệt)

– Bê tông chịu lửa: Ta nên sử dụng loại bê tông có thương hiệu như CR – 65LC; CR – 45LC

– Vữa xây chịu nhiệt: Vữa xây cao nhôm, Vữa xây Samot A, Vữa xây Samot B.

– Sạn cao nhôm: size hạt từ 1 – 5mm.

– Nước silicat.

– Xi măng chịu nhiệt: Khi cần thiết trộn vào vữa xây để tăng cường độ.

II. Những lưu ý khi xây lò hơi

Xây lò hơi là một công việc rất khó khăn, đòi hỏi người thực hiện phải có tay nghề cao và có kinh nghiệm thực hiện. Lý do là vì buồng đốt lò hơi là nơi diễn ra quá trình cháy nhiên liệu sản sinh nhiệt cho toàn bộ hệ thống lo hơi, cho nên thể xây trong lò chịu một nhiệt độ rất cao. Dưới đây là một số chú ý khi xây lò hơi mà các cán bộ chuyên môn cũng như người xây cần phải biết:

  1. Sử dụng các loại gạch chịu lửa:Ở các vị trí khác nhau trong buồng đốt phải sử dụng các loại gạch khác nhau, ở đây chúng ta chia thành 3 loại cơ bản: gạch tiếp xúc với ngọn lửa, gạch ở giữa tường buồng đốt và gạch ở ngoài cùng nơi tiếp xúc với bông bảo ôn.
  2. Xử lý các vị trí cửa buồng đốt:Các vị trí cửa, các ống gió vào buồng đốt là nơi rất cần phải có kết cấu chắc chắn nhất vì những nơi này là nơi dễ bị hư hỏng thể xây nhất. Thông thường các nhà chế tạo lò hơi thường dùng kết cấu cuốn vòm bằng gạch chân vòm, gạch vai búa, vai dao.
  3. Bê tông và vữa xây:Sử dụng bê tông chịu nhiệt và pha trộn vữa xây đúng tỉ lệ.
  4. Bảo ôn cách nhiệt: Sử dụng phương án bảo ôn buồng đốt bên ngoài để ngăn chặn hiện tượng tỏa nhiệt từ buồng đốt ra ngoài làm tăng nhiệt độ nhà lò và giảm thất thoát nhiệt trong quá trình của lò hơi.
  5. Bù giản nở:Sử dụng các phương án bù giãn nở trong thể xây
  6. Kỹ thuật xây goong.

Chi phí xây dựng một lò gạch tuynel thì phần xe goong chiếm phần lớn chi phí. Chính vì vậy khi khi các nhà đầu tư làm đến phần xe goong đề phải tính toán rất kỹ lưỡng. Từ kỹ thuật, nhà cung cấp vật liệu uy tín…

  1. Kết cấu làm nên xe goong gồm các vật liệu chính:

+ Sắt làm khung

+ Gạch chịu lửa

+ Gạch lót ( tận dụng gạch đỏ)

+ Vữa xây samot

+ Nước silicat

+ Xi măng

+ Bông gốm…

  1. Gạch chịu lửa dùng cho xe goong.

Sắt là vật liệu tạo nên khung xe goong cứng cáp rất quan trọng. Nhưng vật liệu tiếp xúc trực tiếp với ngọn lửa không thể thiếu, quyết định độ bền của xe goong lại là vật liệu chịu lửa (gạch chịu lửa). Vì vậy nhà đầu tư luôn phải tìm nhà cung cấp vật liệu chịu lửa có uy tín, chất lượng cao.

Các loại lò có thiết kế khác nhau thì có thiết kế gạch xây goong khác nhau. Nhưng thông thường gạch chịu lửa xây xe goong có 8 loại như sau.

+ Gạch đầu âm

+ Gạch đầu dương

+ Gach hông goong

+ Gạch 4 góc goong

+ Gạch lát mặt goong

  1. Những lưu ý khi thiết kế gạch xe goong và khung xe goong.

– Gạch chịu lửa xe goong được thiết kế sao cho che phủ được phần khung sắt xe goong bên dưới, làm cho phần khung sắt ít chịu ảnh hưởng nhất  bởi nhiệt độ cao quyết định được độ bền của xe goong.

– Gạch đầu dương phần đua ra phải được làm to hơn đầu âm. Lý do vì gạch đầu đương chịu ảnh hưởng tác động nhiều hơn và rễ hỏng hơn.

– Thợ xây xe goong khi xây phải để khe bù giãn nở. Vì trong quá trình làm việc gạch chịu lửa có độ giãn nở lớn.

– Khoảng các gạch đầu âm và đầu dương của hai xe goong phải để tối thiểu từ 2 – 3cm.

– Đối với khung xe goong phải được làm vuông và cứng. Điểm tiếp xúc khi vận hành của 2 xe goong là các thanh đẩy của xe goong (Quả đấm). Được hàn trực tiếp vào ba thanh I của xe goong.

admin

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